TCS Technical Interview Questions || TCS HR Interview Questions
Also Read
1) Explain the functionality of linked list.
A linked list consists of two parts: information and the link. In
the single connected listening, the beginning of the list is marked by a unique
pointer named start. This pointer does point to the first element of the list
and the link part of each node consists of an arrow looking to the next node,
but the last node of the list has null pointer identifying the previous node.
With the help of start pointer, the linked list can be traversed easily.
2) What are the four basic principles of OOPS?
The four basic principles of Object-Oriented Programming System
are listed below:
- Abstraction: Abstraction is a process of
hiding the implementation details and showing only functionality to the
user. For example, sending SMS where you type the text and send the
message. You don't know the internal processing about the message
delivery.
- Abstraction
lets you focus on what the object does instead of how it does it.
- Inheritance: Inheritance in Java is a
mechanism in which one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of
a parent object.
- Encapsulation: Encapsulation in Java is a
process of wrapping code and data together into a single unit, for
example, a capsule which is mixed of several medicines.
- Polymorphism: Polymorphism in Java is a
concept by which we can perform a single action in different ways.
Polymorphism is derived from 2 Greek words: poly and morphs. The word
"poly" means many and "morphs" means forms. So
polymorphism means many forms.
3) What is inheritance?
In, Object-Oriented Programming, inheritance is a mechanism based
on classes.
Inheritance refers to inhering the data members and properties of a
parent class to a child class. A class which is derived from another level is
often called as a sub-class or a child class, and the type from which the child
class is obtained is known as super-class or parent class.
4) What is the way of inheriting variable of one class to any other class?
1. //Base Class
2. class A
3. {
4. public int a;
5. }
6. //Derived Class
7. class B : A
8. {
9. a=15;
10. }
5) What is Polymorphism?
Polymorphism is a concept in OOPS which means having many forms.
In simple words, it means that different actions will be performed in different
instances. Polymorphism is of two types:
- Method
overloading
- Operator
overloading
6) What are the different types of inheritance?
Types of Inheritance:
- Single
inheritance
- Multiple
Inheritance
- Multi-level
Inheritance
- Multi-path
Inheritance
- Hierarchical
Inheritance
- Hybrid
Inheritance
7) What is the difference between classes and interface?
The differences between classes and interfaces are listed below:
- A class
can be instantiated by creating its object, whereas interfaces cannot be
instantiated as all the methods in the interface are abstract and do not
perform any action, so there is no use of instantiating an interface.
- A class
is declared using class keyword whereas an interface is declared using
interface keyword.
- The
members of the class can have access specifier such as public, protected,
and private but members of the interface can not have the access
specifier, all the members of the interface is declared as public because
the interface is used to derive another class. There will be no use to
access specifies inside the members of an interface.
- The
methods inside the class are defined to perform some actions on the fields
declared in the class whereas interface lacks in asserting in areas, the
ways in an interface are purely abstract.
- A class
can implement any number of the interface but can only extend one
superclass. Whereas interface can reach any number of interfaces but
cannot perform any interface.
- A class
can have a constructor defined inside the class to declare the fields
inside the class, whereas interface doesn't have any constructor defined
because there are no fields to be initialized.
8) What is software development life-cycle?
Software development life-cycle is steps involved in the life cycle of
software development phase. Generally, it is followed by the development team
which develops the software in the organization. It consists of a clear
explanation of developing and maintaining the software.
9) What is normalization of databases, joins,
and keys?
Normalization is process of organizing data in a database
efficiently. Two goals of the normalization process are: to eliminate redundant
data (for example, storing the same data in more than one table) and also
ensure data dependencies make sense (only storing related data in a table).
These both are important as they reduce the amount of space a database consumes
and ensure that data is logically stored.
10) What are loops?
Loops are used to execute block of statement several times in a
program depending upon the conditional statement. The basic structure of a
circuit is given above in the diagram. For each successful execution of the
loop, the conditional statement should be checked. If the conditional statement
is true, then the circuit will be executed. If the conditional statement is
false, then the course will be terminated.
11) Explain about Joins, Views, Normalization,
Triggers?
The JOIN keyword is used in an SQL statement to query data from
two or more tables, based on a relationship between specific columns in these
tables.
Tables in a database are often related to each other with keys.
A view is a virtual table. A look contains rows and columns, just
like a real table. The fields in a picture are fields from one or more real
tables in the database.
You can add SQL functions, WHERE, and JOIN statements to a view
and present the data as if the data were coming from one single table.
12) List different advantages of DBMS
Improved data sharing.
The list of several advantages of DataBase Management System:
- Improved
data security.
- Better
data integration.
- Minimized
data inconsistency.
- Improved
data access.
- Improved
decision making.
- Increased
end-user productivity.
13) What is Database Management System?
A DataBase Management System is a software system used for
creating and managing databases. DBMS make it possible for the end user to
build and maintain databases. DBMS provides an interface between the end
user/application and the databases.
14) What is database Schema?
The formal definition of the database schema is a set of formulas
(sentences) called integrity constraints imposed on a database.
15) What are the conditional statements?
The conditional statements can alternatively be called as
conditional expression also. Conditional comments are the set of rules which
were executed if a particular condition is true. It is often referred to an
if-then statement because if the state is true, then the statement is executed.
16) What is the difference between the foreign
key and reference key?
Reference Key is the primary key that is referenced in the other
table (linked via the other tables Foreign Key). Foreign Key is how you connect
the second table to the primary tables Primary Key (or Reference Key).
17) What is the difference and similarity
between C and C++?
C++ has classes whereas C did not have classes.
C does not support function overloading. In C, for input or
output, we use functions like gets(), puts(), scanf(), printf(), etc
C does not support exception handling.
18) The structural difference between bitmap
and b-tree index?
Btree
It is made of branch nodes and leaf nodes. Branch nodes hold
prefix key value along with the link to the leaf node and the leaf nodes
contain the indexed value and rowed.
Bitmap
It consists merely of bits for every single distinct value. It
uses a string of bits to locate rows in a table quickly. It is used to index
low cardinality columns.
19) What is the difference between a Clustered
index and non-clustered index?
Clustered Index
- Only one
per table
- Faster to
read than non clustered as data is physically stored in index order
Non-Clustered Index
- Can be
used lot of times per table
- Quicker
for insert and update operations than a clustered index
20) Diffrentiate between socket and session?
Socket is the Combination of IP address and Port Number (in pairs)
The session is a Logical Connectivity between the source and
destination.
21) What is an array?
An array is a collection of similar elements. For an array, the
necessary condition is that the data type of all the elements in the array must
be same. The declaration of an array in C++ is as follows:
int a[10];
This defines an array whose name is a and has ten elements from
index 0-9
22) Given an array of 1s and 0s arrange the 1s
together and 0s together in a single scan of the array. Optimize the boundary
conditions.
1. #include<stdio.h>
2. #include<conio.h>
3. void main()
4. {
5. int A[10]={'0','1','0','1','0','0','0','1','0','1','0','0'};
6. int x=0,y=A.length-1;
7. while(x
8. x++;
9. else if(A[y])
10. y--;
11. if(A[x] && !A[y])//here we are checking that stating index is having 1 and last index having 0 than swap values
12. A[x]=0,A[y]=1;
13. }
14. getch();
15. }
23) Define Data Abstraction. What are their importance?
Abstraction is process of recognizing and focusing on essential
characteristics of a situation or object and leaving/filtering out the unwanted
components of that situation or object.
Abstraction is the basis for software development. It's through
this concept we define the essential aspects of a system. The process of
identifying and designing the ideas for a given system is called Modeling (
objectmodeling).
Three levels of data abstraction are:
- Logical
level: Information stored in the
database. e.g., Database administrator
- Physical
level: Where data is stored
physically in the database.
- View
level: End users always work on view
level. If any amendment is made it may be saved by another name.
24) Write a function to swap two numbers
without using a temporary variable.
1. void swap(int &i, int &j)
2. {
3. i=i+j;
4. j=i-j;
5. i=i-j;
6. }
25) Memory Allocation in C/C++
The calloc() function allocates a memory area; the length will be
the product of its parameters (it has two settings). calloc fills the memory
with ZERO's and returns a pointer to the first byte. If that fails to locate
enough space, it returns a NULL pointer.
A malloc() function allocates a memory area; length will be the
value entered as parameter. (it has one parameter). It does not initialize
memory area
The free() function is used to free the allocated memory(allocated
through the calloc and malloc), in other words, this used release the allocated
memory
new also used to allocate memory on the heap and initialize the
memory using constructor
delete also used release memory allocated by new operator
26) Write output of the program?
1. int i=10;
2. printf("%d%d%d",i,++i,i++);
Answer= 10 12 12
27) what is virtual function and pure virtual
function?
Virtual function:- To achieve polymorphism, function in base class is declared as
virtual. By state virtual, we make a base class pointer to execute the purpose
of any derived class depends on the content of pointer (any acquired class
address).
Pure Virtual Function:- This is the function used in base class, and its definition has
to be provided in derived class, In other pure virtual function has no
definition in the base is declared as :
1.
virtual void fun()=0;
It means that this function is not going to do anything, In case
of pure virtual function derived function has to
implement a pure virtual function or redeclare it as a pure
virtual function
28) What are WPF and WCF?
WPF/WCF application, need in .NET 3.0 Framework. These application
will cover the following concepts:
WCF(Windows Communication Foundation)
- The new
service orientated attributes
- The use
of interfaces
- The use
of callbacks
- Asynchronous
delegates
- Creating
the proxy
WPF( Windows Presentation Foundation )
- Styles
- Templates
- Animations
- Databinding
29) Write a program in C to swap two numbers
without help of a third variable.
1. /*
2. * C++ program to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable
3. */
4. #include<iostream>
5. using namespace std;
6.
7. /* Function for swapping the values */
8. void swap(int &a, int &b)
9. {
10. b = a + b;
11. a = b - a;
12. b = b - a;
13. }
14. int main()
15. {
16. int a, b;
17.
18. cout << "Enter two numbers to be swapped : ";
19. cin >> a >> b;
20. swap(a, b);
21. cout << "The two numbers after swapping become :" << endl;
22. cout << "Value of a : " << a << endl;
23. cout << "Value of b : " << b << endl;
24. }
30) What will be output of the following code?
1. // file name: Main.java
2.
3. class Complex {
4. private double re, im;
5.
6. public Complex(double re, double it) {
7. this.re = re;
8. this.im = im;
9. }
10. }
11.
12. // Driver class to test the Complex level
13. public class Main {
14. public static void main(String[] args) {
15. Complex c1 = new Complex(10, 15);
16. System.out.println(c1);
17. }
18. }
31) Find the output of the following program.
1. public class Prg {
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. System.out.print("A" + "B" + 'A');
4. }
5. }
32) What will be the output of following
program ?
1. public class Prg {
2. public static void main(String args[]){
3. System.out.print('A' + 'B');
4. }
5. }
33)What will be output of following program?
1. public class Prg {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. char [] str={'i','n','c','l','u','d','e','h','e','l','p'};
4. System.out.println(str.toString());
5. }
34) What will be output of following program?
1. public class pg {
2. public static void main(String[] args) {
3. System.out.print("Hello");
4. System.out.println("Guys!");
5. }
35) What will be output of following program?
1. class Test2 {
2. ublic
3. static void main(String[] args)
4. {
5. byte x = 12;
6. byte y = 13;
7. byte result = x + y;
8. System.out.print(result);
9. }
36) What will be output of following
program?
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. union test {
3. int x;
4. char arr[8];
5. int y;
6. } u;
7. int main()
8. {
9. printf("%u", sizeof(u));
10. return 0;
11. }
12.
TCS HR Interview Questions
1) Tell us something about yourself.
My name is Abhinav. I belong to Delhi. I was born in my native
place and brought up in Delhi. I am a person who likes to explore new areas and
meet new people. Coming to my academics, I have passed my B.Tech from GNIOT,
Greater Noida with 64%. I have secured 72% in Class XII and 8.2 CGPA in Class
X. In my family, I have a father, mother, grandfather & grandmother and me.
I had a work experience of x months in Javatpoint at Noida as a content writer
and had gained a lot of knowledge about various languages.
2) Do you wish to change your domain? If yes,
why?
I want to work in an organization where I can develop the skill
set gained from my Educational background as well as develop skills which will
benefit throughout my career as regarding this job, this job is entirely
connected with my domain of expertise, and also it helps me to enhance my
communication skills which have been on my to-do list. So I want to get
associated with such a big organization and also improve skill sets that I have
always been wanting to upgrade.
3) Describe an experience of yours wherein you
were asked to do something which you didn't like to do and how you handled it?
This is a typical question which tests your
presence of mind and your communication skills. Gather any instance from your
life and speak on that.
For your reference, a sample answer is
provided. Your answer will be different from this one, but it might be of some
help.
I have many life instances where I had to perform tasks which I
did not like performing but as these tasks were mandatory hence backing off was
not an option I could afford. One such memory I would like to share was from my
9th grade when we had to study Sanskrit as our school did not have option
between Hindi and Sanskrit after class 9th so initially I did not care about
this subject but when I started researching it I found that this subject is
quite complicated and also I realized that I was not all good at remembering
things, hence this subject became a difficult task for me but as I told backing
off was not an option so I decided to take help from my parents, friends and
other reliable sources and worked hard throughout the remaining time and at
last the hard work paid off though I did not score excellent marks I achieved
marks which I could not have believed I could score a few months back.
4) What are your expectations from the
company?
Though this answer is objective and can be different for different
persons but remember be positive in your thoughts and do not say many things
about the company which gives the interviewer an illusion that you are
exaggerating.
In short, be realistic and precise.
I have from a long time wanted to work with an IT company which
treats its employees in the best way it can. I have always wanted to work with
an organization which provides a very comfortable and home like work
environment and when it comes to TCS I find that both the requirements are
fulfilled. Even requirements I can hardly imagine are met, most importantly I
get the opportunity to learn and enhance my skill set to become a better
professional in the future.
5) Will you be comfortable relocating?
Remember this answer requires a clear-cut reply and wants to know
as the company might provide time to time travel hence do not try to be good
and if you are not able to change places tell them explicitly if they have any
positions for that kind of post they will consider you. Also, refer to the
sample answer given below.
Yes, as part of growing up I used to travel a lot as my father is
an ex-serviceman hence occasionally he used to be posted throughout the
country. Though I would prefer my city as it helps me live with people, I care
about, but at the same time, I am ok with relocating.
6) What is it like to live in Delhi (your
state)?
You can tell unique things about your states; this may consist of
things which you might or want to improve, as a said before stick to being
realistic.
Delhi is one of the busiest cities in India and though I do not
have any knowledge of towns outside India hope it will also be the most active
of all. Delhi like Mumbai never sleeps and in Delhi, as we know have lots of
places to wander and explore. Also being central to many states and the Capital
of India it is the center of attraction for many, and hence due to constant
migration, we find a variety of people residing in Delhi. Also, Delhi has all
kinds of markets, and also it has hospitals and facilities which are top notch
and can be compared to best across the globe. Hence, living in Delhi is like a
dream come true.
7) Tell me something about the most memorable
day of your life?
By this question, the interviewer wants to check whether you can
cope with on-the-spot situations, take some time gather your thoughts and speak
up.
The most memorable day of my life would without any second thought
be the day when I passed my graduation. That day I felt like now I can get a
respectable job lead an independent life and slowly and steadily I have turned
from a dependent boy to independent man. I am now mature enough to take my life
decisions and decide what is right for me and what is not. That day I realized
why my grandfathers and old people are so nostalgic and have so many memories
associated with the Independence of our country and such small word
independence could have such massive meaning attached to it.
8) What are your strengths?
Never tell strengths which you cannot prove on the spot. And speak
only the forces that are true.
In my opinion, I am a team player I have always loved working as a
team, performing for the betterment of the team has ever made me proud and
getting to handle captaincy or leadership of my colleagues has always been the
work I always loved.
Also, things that are hard to get I love getting them, though it
sounds bit confusing to understand so let me elaborate with an instance, After
my graduation I had not acquired skills required to get an excellent job
through my communication skills were ok but I really lacked in technical part,
and it was easy for me to take nonprofessional job also they had an attractive
pay scale and it was difficult for me to learn programming skills and become
good in coding but I decided to get things the hard way and work till I succeed
and thereafter I worked on technical domain and here I am .So hard work
eventually pays off.
9) What are your weaknesses?
Though this is a tricky question but doesn't be the bait, i.e.,
the interviewer wants to know your weakness but tell him weakness such that
they are also in some way your strengths.
Though it is difficult to see your weakness yourself as we all
know the general human tendency is to shift the blame and never take the
responsibility for some wrongdoing. But to be honest, I find that when I want
to achieve something, I work hard to get that though it might not be worth it
to work so hard for the happiness that I get after attaining I work hard, so in
the meantime I miss out on another event concurrently happening.
10) Why should we hire you?
A quite typical question and needs to be answered sensibly.
The requirement for this job completely matches my skill set, as a
candidate I have experience working in this domain which might be beneficial
for the organization as well as me. Also, I am a quick learner and a team
player so the organization won`t have to spend much time and resources on me.
Even when I work, I work for the maximum benefit of the organization. Moreover,
I would gain exposure to the industry which will be very beneficial to my
career.
11) Is there anything which makes you
different from other candidates?
Again...Be realistic
Yes, there are lots of things which distinguish me as an
individual. Every individual is different. But if you ask about positive
qualities in me, then I would say I am a team player, quick learner and have
some leadership qualities. Though these thoughts are objective to individual
and can be known better when you know me as an individual.
12) What are your views on demonetization?
This is a significant topic of discussion, and I have a lot of
things to say, but considering the short duration of this interview I would
like to summarize this like:
- It was a
very significant decision I would say, but not that great on the
implementation part.
- The
government should have taken a stand on so many people died during the
initial period.
- The
objective was not met entirely as not many people having black money were
caught.
- The GDP
of our country had increased.
- All in
all, there are many positives and negatives in this action hence to reach
a conclusion would not do justice.
13) Tell me about your daily routine?
Just describe your routine.
Nowadays, I have quite a hectic schedule, and I have long been
reaching out for a holiday or break, but as you ask I would describe my routine
as:
I wake up at 0700hours. I perform all my daily chores and get
ready to leave for office at about 0800 hours. I commute by metro, and then I
reach my office at an estimated time of 0930 hours. I work there till 1300
hours and then we have a half an hour break, after the break, we get back to
work, and I have a Java class from 1530 to 1700, and after completing the
course, I work for about 90 minutes, and at 1830 hours I depart for home. Again
my house is 90 minutes ride in metro, and by 2000 hours I reach home and watch
a great movie and by the time the film is finished I am off to sleep and the
day is finished and next day again back to work.
14) Mention any five qualities that a person
should have for this profile?
Depends on the job.
15) Speak on any topic of your interest for at
least 5 minutes.
You have to speak on any topic.
16) Describe the experience of visiting any
place during your vacations.
You need to describe any experience.
17) Do you have any prior work experience? If
so tell us about your last job and why you left it.
You can tell about your work experience, and why left it but don't
give any negative answer as they have a negative impact. Answer like for
growth, for a better opportunity, to enhance your skill set further.
18) What are your hobbies?
You can tell your hobbies. You must prepare for questions from
your hobbies.
19) What quality do you think a leader should
have?
There are many qualities that a leader should have but to name a
few, a leader should be able to coordinate a team, he should have excellent
understanding of people and their behavior at different points of time, he
should be able to find people he can depend on, he should be able to be
distinguished in a crowd of people, he should be able to instruct a group of
people, he should be dominant and many more are there.
20) Have you applied anywhere before applying
here? How many job offers have you received before this?
what is your
strongest programming language (Java, ASP, C, C++, VB, HTML, C#, etc.)?
Point
to remember: Before interview You should decide your Favorite programming
language and be prepared based on that question.
2.Differences
between C and Java?
1.JAVA
is Object-Oriented while C is procedural.
2.Java is an
Interpreted language while C is a compiled language.
3.C
is a low-level language while JAVA is a high-level language.
4.C uses the
top-down approach while JAVA uses the bottom-up approach.
5.Pointer
go backstage in JAVA while C requires explicit handling of pointers.
6.The
Behind-the-scenes Memory Management with JAVA & The User-Based Memory
Management in C.
7.JAVA
supports Method Overloading while C does not support overloading at all.
8.Unlike C, JAVA
does not support Preprocessors, & does not really them.
9.The
standard Input & Output Functions--C uses the printf & scanf functions
as its standard input & output while JAVA uses the System.out.print &
System.in.read functions.
10.Exception
Handling in JAVA And the errors & crashes in C.
3.In header files
whether functions are declared or defined?
Functions
are declared within header file. That is function prototypes exist in a header
file,not function bodies. They are defined in library (lib).
4.What are the
different storage classes in C ?
There are four
types of storage classes in C. They are extern, register, auto and static
5.What does static
variable mean?
6.How
do you print an address ?
Use %p in printf to
print the address.
7.What
are macros? what are its advantages and disadvantages?
Object is a
software bundle of variables and related methods. Objects have state and
behavior
10.What
is a class?
Class is a
user-defined data type in C++. It can be created to solve a particular kind of
problem. After creation the user need not know the specifics of the working of
a class.
11.What is the
difference between class and structure?
12. What is ponter?
13.What is the
difference between null and void pointer?
A Null pointer has
the value 0. void pointer is a generic pointer introduced by ANSI. Generic
pointer can hold the address of any data type.
14.what is function
overloading
int Add(int nX, int nY){return nX + nY;}
16.what is friend
function?
An
abstract class is a class which does not fully represent an object. Instead, it
represents a broad range of different classes of objects. However, this
representation extends only to the features that those classes of objects have
in common. Thus, an abstract class provides only a partial description of its
objects.
19.What is the difference between realloc() and free()?
The
free subroutine frees a block of memory previously allocated by the malloc
subroutine. Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid
pointer. If the Pointer parameter is a null value, no action will occur. The
realloc subroutine changes the size of the block of memory pointed to by the
Pointer parameter to the number of bytes specified by the Size parameter and
returns a new pointer to the block. The pointer specified by the Pointer
parameter must have been created with the malloc, calloc, or realloc
subroutines and not been deallocated with the free or realloc subroutines.
Undefined results occur if the Pointer parameter is not a valid pointer.
20.What is the
difference between an array and a list?
21.What are the
differences between structures and arrays?
Arrays is a group
of similar data types but Structures can be group of different data types
23. Can you list
out the areas in which data structures are applied extensively?
- Compiler Design,
- Operating System,
- Database Management System,
- Statistical analysis package,
- Numerical Analysis,
- Graphics,
- Artificial Intelligence,
- Simulation
In an operating
system, a deadlock is a situation which occurs when a process enters a waiting
state because a resource requested by it is being held by another waiting
process, which in turn is waiting for another resource. If a process is unable
to change its state indefinitely because the resources requested by it are
being used by other waiting process, then the system is said to be in a
deadlock.
27. What is
Insertion sort, selection sort, bubble sort( basic differences among the
functionality of the three sorts and not the exact algorithms)
28. What is Doubly
link list?
A
doubly linked list is a linked data structure that consists of a set of
sequentially linked records called nodes. Each node contains two fields, called
links, that are references to the previous and to the next node in the sequence
of nodes. The beginning and ending nodes' previous and next links,
respectively, point to some kind of terminator, typically a sentinel node or
null, to facilitate traversal of the list. If there is only one sentinel node,
then the list is circularly linked via the sentinel node. It can be
conceptualized as two singly linked lists formed from the same data items, but
in opposite sequential orders.
29.What is data
abstraction? what are the three levels of data abstraction with Example?
Abstraction
is the process of recognizing and focusing on important characteristics of a
situation or object and leaving/filtering out the un-wanted characteristics of
that situation or object.
30.What is command
line argument?
Getting
the arguments from command prompt in c is known as command line arguments. In c
main function has three arguments.They are:
Cache
Memory is used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the
average time to access memory. The cache is a smaller, faster memory
36.
Const char *p , char const *p What is the difference between the above two?
37. What is Memory
Alignment?
Data
structure alignment is the way data is arranged and accessed in computer
memory. It consists of two separate but related issues: data alignment and data
structure padding.
38.Explain the
difference between 'operator new' and the 'new' operator?
The
difference between the two is that operator new just allocates raw memory, nothing else. The new operator starts by using
operator new to allocate memory, but then it invokes the constructor for the
right type of object, so the result is a real live object created in that
memory. If that object contains any other objects (either embedded or as base
classes) those constructors as invoked as well.
The
keyword delete is used to destroy the single variable memory created
dynamically which is pointed by single pointer variable.
Eg: int *r=new(int)the memory pointed by r can be deleted by delete r.delete [] is used to destroy array of memory pointed by single pointer variable.Eg:int *r=new(int a[10])The memory pointed by r can be deleted by delete []r.
A
conversion constructor is a single-parameter constructor that is declared
without the function specifier 'explicit'. The compiler uses conversion
constructors to convert objects from the type of the first parameter to the
type of the conversion constructor's class.To define implicit conversions, C++
uses conversion constructors, constructors that accept a single parameter and
initialize an object to be a copy of that parameter.
A spanning tree is
a tree associated with a network. All the nodes of the graph appear on the tree
once. A minimum spanning tree is a spanning tree organized so that the total
edge weight between nodes is minimized.
If you want to get
information on all the techniques of designing, maintaining, building and retrieving
data, Data warehousing is the ideal method. A data warehouse is premeditated
and generated for supporting the decision making process within an
organization.
Data mining is a
powerful new technology to extract data for analysis.
43.Explain
recursive function & what is the data structures used to perform recursion?
a)
A recursive function is a function which calls itself.
47.What is user
defined exception in Java?
The keywords used
in java application are try, catch and finally are used in implementing
used-defined exceptions. This Exception class inherits all the method from
Throwable class.
48.What is java
Applet?
Applet is java
program that can be embedded into HTML pages. Java applets runs on the java
enables web browsers such as mozila and internet explorer. Applet is designed
to run remotely on the client browser, so there are some restrictions on it.
Applet can't access system resources on the local computer. Applets are used to
make the web site more dynamic and entertaining.
50.Write a Binary
Search program
int binarySearch(int arr[],int size, int item){int left, right, middle;left = 0;right = size-1;while(left <= right){middle = ((left + right)/2);if(item == arr[middle]){return(middle);}if(item > arr[middle]){left = middle+1;}else{right = middle-1;}}return(-1);}
51.What are
enumerations?
An enumeration is a
data type, used to declare variable that store list of names. It is act like a
database, which will store list of items in the variable. example: enum
shapes{triangle, rectangle,...
52.What is static
identifier?
The
static identifier is used for initializing only once, and the value retains
during the life time of the program / application. A separate memory is
allocated for static variables. This
value can be used between function calls. The default
value of an uninitialized static variable is zero. A function can also be
defined as a static function, which has the same scope of the static
variable.
55.What
is decryption?
Decryption is the
reverse of encryption; it's the transformation of encrypted data back into some
intelligible form.
56.What
exactly is a digital signature?
Just as a
handwritten signature is affixed to a printed letter for verification that the
letter originated from its purported sender, digital signature performs the
same task for an electronic message. A digital signature is an encrypted
version of a message digest, attached together with a message.
Post a Comment